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A. Tcherepnin - Orchestral Works

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Alexander Tcherepnin (1899-1977)

Symphony No. 4, Op. 91

Romantic Overture, Op. 67

Suite, Op. 87

Russian Dances, Op. 50

The Russian composer Alexander Tcherepnin was born in St. Petersburg in 1899, the only son of the conductor and composer Nikolay Tcherepnin, who directed the first season of Dyagilev's Ballets Russes in Paris in 1909. In 1918 Nikolay Tcherepnin was appointed director of the Conservatory in Tblisi, where his son was able to continue his musical studies. In 1921 the family finally left Russia, settling in Paris, the base from which Alexander Tcherepnin began to establish his international reputation as a pianist and composer, studying further with Paul Vidal and Isidor Philipp and enjoying subsequent success in a ballet score for Pavlova and a series of compositions that included a second piano concerto and the first of his four symphonies.

In 1934 Alexander Tcherepnin visited the Far East, teaching in China and Japan, while being influenced profoundly himself by the ideas that he met in those countries, already aware, as he was, of Russia's debt to the East. In Shanghai he met a young Chinese pianist, Lee Hsienming, who later became his wife. In Paris once more, Tcherepnin suffered various difficulties during the war, before returning to work in 1945 with a series of important compositions. In 1948 he moved with his family to America, where he and his wife joined the teaching staff of De Paul University in Chicago. From that time until the end of his life he divided his time between Europe and America, returning briefly to Russia at the invitation of the Soviet Government for a concert tour. He died in Paris in 1977.

Tcherepnin wrote his Fourth Symphony in response to a commission from Charles Munch, a friend of long standing who had conducted compositions by Tcherepnin in Paris in 1936, at the very outset of his career as a conductor. The suggestion of a new symphony was put to the composer in 1953, when he was staying with Munch at his home in Massachusetts. For various reasons the work of composition was delayed until 1957 and the score was completed by Christmas and delivered immediately to Munch, at his urgent request. Tcherepnin played the work through to him on the piano, surprising him with an ending marked ppppp, piano-pianissimo and explaining the inclusion of a medieval Russian Requiem chant as a cantus firmus in the polyphonic third movement. Munch, who had already paid an initial fee of $1000, now gave Tcherepnin a further cheque for $1,000, to his surprise, and a year later invited him to attend the world première in Boston by the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The work, using the characteristic harmonic and melodic idiom developed by the composer, was greeted warmly by audiences and critics. The concise first movement makes use of three thematic groups and is followed by a second movement in the sectional form of a waltz and a third that served also in the end as a Requiem for Munch, whose support and friendship had been of such value to the composer.

Tcherepnin wrote his Romantic Overture, Op. 67, in war-time Paris, when taxis and private cars were forbidden and there was a return to horse-drawn transport. This brought to the composer's mind his childhood in St. Petersburg, waiting at night for the safe return of his parents. He recalled too Gogol's novel Nevski Prospect, a story that deals with the pursuit of two young women by two young men. The Overture opens with an Allegro describing a horse-driven carriage passing along the streets of St. Petersburg, illustrated by the rhythmic trot of the horses and the driverÂ¡Â¦s use of his stick. Violin phrases name the various streets. The central Andante is in romantic style, ending with the sound of street-vendors imitated by oboe and piccolo. The final section returns to the present. The Overture was first performed in Kansas City in October 1951.

Tcherepnin's Suite, Opus 87, was written in 1953 and dedicated to the Louisville Orchestra, which gave the first performance of the work in May the following year. The composer explained that the subject of the Suite is the Town, where human beings live side by side, each pursuing his own ambitions. The first movement, Idylle, depicts morning, the church bells ring and birds sing in one of the city parks, where lovers later walk, too timid to hold each other's hand, but happy together. The second movement, Conflicts, concerns itself with the strife caused by selfishness, envy and hatred. Nostalgia Tcherepnin explained as subjective, evoking his own feeling of loneliness when he arrived in a new town, travelling from the airport to some hotel room, but isolated among his fellow human beings. He ends the Suite with a Rondo that is equally subjective, representing his own feelings in any lively town, in Shanghai, Paris or Chicago. He expressed in the work his love of humanity.

The Russian Dances, Opus 50, are a much earlier work, written in 1933 and first performed in Omaha in February the following year. Scored for an orchestra that includes a varied percussion section, the Dances draw on Russian folk-music, thematic elements combined to form an uninterrupted melodic line, particularly in the first and fifth. The opening Allegro moderato uses three themes, with the second serving as a refrain to the first. The second dance uses a street-song (chastushka), completed by the Kamarinskaya, and proceeding to three further themes of a rustic character. The third dance uses a theme of irregular rhythm, developed by different groups of wind instruments, accompanied by plucked strings. A new lyrical melody, entrusted to unison strings, brings this to an end and leads to the conclusion of the movement. The final Allegro marciale starts with a wedding march, followed by three further songs, the march re-appearing to form a final uninterrupted crescendo.

Czecho-Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra (Košice)

The East Slovakian town of Košice boasts a long and distinguished musical tradition, as part of a province that once provided Vienna with musicians. The State Philharmonic Orchestra is of relatively recent origin and was established in 1968 under the conductor Bystrik Rezucha. Subsequent principal conductors have included Stanislav Macura and Ladislav Slovák, the latter succeeded in 1985 by his pupil Richard Zimmer. The orchestra has toured widely in Eastern and Western Europe and plays an important part in the Košice Musical Spring and the Košice International Organ Festival.

For Marco Polo the orchestra has made the first compact disc recordings of rare works by Granville Bantock and Joachim Raff. Writing on the last of these, one critic praised the orchestra for its competence comparable to that of the major orchestras of Vienna and Prague. The orchestra has contributed many successful volumes to the complete compact disc Johann Strauss II and for Naxos has recorded a varied repertoire.

Wing-Sie Yip

The conductor Wing-Sie Yip was born in Canton in 1960 and brought up in Hong Kong, receiving her first piano lessons from her mother at the age of four and training in music theory and conducting from her father, Dr. Wai-Hong Yip, as she grew older. She toured widely between 1972 and 1978 with her father's Hong Kong Children's Choir, assisting him as conductor during the 1978 tour of the U.S.A.

From 1978 to 1982 Wing-Sie Yip studied at the Royal College of Music in London, with a Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club Scholarship, winning prizes as a violinist, an exhibition and the Sir Adrian Boult Conducting Scholarship. There followed study in the U.S.A at Indiana University, where she completed her Master's Degree in violin and conducting in 1985. In September that year she won first prize in the Besancon Concours International des Jeunes Chefs d'Orchestre, winning the Koussevitzky Memorial Scholarship in 1986, enabling her to study at Tanglewood with Seiji Ozawa, Leonard Bernstein, Gustav Meier and Rozhdestvensky. In September 1986 Wing-Sie Yip was appointed Resident Conductor of the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra.

Disc 1

Symphony No. 4

(more info)

Performed by: Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra
Composed by: Alexander Tcherepnin
Conducted by: Wing-Sie Yip

Moderato - 09:16
Allegro, tempo di Valse - 06:13
Andante con moto - 10:38

Romantic Overture, Op. 67

(more info)

Performed by: Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra
Composed by: Alexander Tcherepnin
Conducted by: Wing-Sie Yip

Romantic Overture, Op. 67 - 08:50

Suite

(more info)

Performed by: Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra
Composed by: Alexander Tcherepnin
Conducted by: Wing-Sie Yip

Idylle: Allegro maestoso - 07:20
Conflicts: Allegro resoluto - 03:46
Nostalgia: Lento - 03:12
Rondo: Allegro moderato - 03:28

Russian Dances

(more info)

Performed by: Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra
Composed by: Alexander Tcherepnin
Conducted by: Wing-Sie Yip

Allegro moderato - 01:58
Vivace - 02:00
Allegretto - 00:54
Allegro - 01:23
Allegro marciale - 02:25

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Composer(s)/ Author(s):
Tcherepnin, Alexander

Conductor(s):
Yip, Wing-Sie

Orchestra(s):
Slovak State Philharmonic Orchestra

Label: Marco Polo
UPC: 4891030233805
Item Number: 8223380
Release Date: Jan 1, 2000