Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827)
Piano Concerto No.1 in C Major, Opus 15
Rondo in B Flat Major, WoO 6
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn in
December, 1770, the son of Johann van Beethoven, a singer in the service of the
Archbishop of Cologne, and the grandson of Ludwig van Beethoven, Kapellmeister
to the same patron, who died in 1773, but whose distinction lived on in the
family, the possible cause of Johann van Beethoven's professional and parental
inadequacy, his son finally forced to assume responsibility for his two younger
brothers, a task he was to continue to discharge in a characteristically
eccentric manner.
At home Beethoven had received erratic
practical training in music, but was able to follow a more consistent course of
study from 1781 with the court organist Neefe, whose unpaid deputy he became.
In 1784 he entered the paid service of the Archbishop as deputy court organist
and playing the cembalo or the viola in the court orchestra, as occasion
demanded. In 1788 he was sent to Vienna, where he hoped to study with Mozart,
but was recalled to Bonn by news of his mother's final illness. Four years
later he went to Vienna once more, this time to study with Haydn. He remained
there for the rest of his life.
Beethoven established himself in Vienna
at first as a virtuoso keyboard-player, his virtuosity including improvisation
at the keyboard and composition. From Albrechtsberger he took lessons in
counterpoint and from the Court Composer Salieri in vocal and dramatic setting,
but he claimed to find little help in his lessons from Haydn. Armed with
suitable introductions, he was able to make influential friends among the
aristocracy and it was with their support that he continued his career in
Vienna, even when increasing deafness made performance at first difficult and
eventually impossible.
It is a tribute to the discernment of
Beethoven's patrons that they perceived his genius, in spite of his uncouthness
and increasing eccentricities of character, in the face of which they exercised
considerable restraint and generosity. In Vienna he lived through turbulent
times, through the years of Napoleonic conquests and into the repressive age of
Metternich. He died in March, 1827, his death the occasion for public mourning
in Vienna at the passing of a long familiar figure whose like the city was not
to see again.
Beethoven wrote his first piano concerto
in 1784, at the age of fourteen and had attempted a violin concerto before he
finally left Bonn. In Vienna he was to publish five piano concertos, the first,
published as No.2, completed in a revised version in 1795 and the fifth, the
so-called Emperor Concerto, published in 1811. The first decade of the
century also saw the composition of the D major Violin Concerto, the Triple
Concerto and the Choral Fantasia.
The Rondo in B Flat Major, WoO 6,
was written some time before 1794 and was intended as the final movement of the
concerto published as No.2 in 1801, but probably first sketched in Bonn. It was
published after the composer's death, in 1829, the solo part completed by Carl
Czerny.
The Piano Concerto No.1 in C Major
was completed in 1795 and intended for the composer's own use. A revised
version was published in 1801 with a dedication to Barbara von Keglevich, who
that year had married Prince Odescalchi and moved to Pressburg (the modern
Bratislava). Scored for an orchestra that includes clarinets, trumpets and
drums, it opens with a sparkling first movement, leading to an A flat major
Largo of particular beauty. Beethoven's pupil Ferdinand Ries regarded the
composer's own performance of the finale as freakish, although others have
recently attempted to follow the composer's private suggestion that notes
should be added to the principal rondo theme to impart brilliance to it.
Stefan Vladar
The Austrian pianist Stefan Vladar was
born in 1965 and started piano lessons at the age of six. From 1973 he studied
at the Vienna University for Music and Arts with Renate Kramer-Preisenhammer
and Hans Petermandl. After winning a number of awards in piano competitions in
Austria, including the first prize in the Rudolf Heydner Piano Competition, he
took the first prize in the 1985 International Beethoven Competition, the
youngest of the 140 competitors.
Stefan Vladar's subsequent career has
brought him a busy schedule of engagements, with performances throughout Europe
and appearances in China, Thailand, Japan and Korea, as well as in the United
States of America.
Capella Istropolitana
The Capella Istropolitana was founded in
1983 by members of the Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra, at first as a chamber
orchestra and then as an orchestra large enough to tackle the standard
classical repertoire. Based in Bratislava, its name drawn from the ancient name
still preserved in the Academia Istropolitana, the historic university
established in the Slovak and one-time Hungarian capital by Matthias Corvinus,
the orchestra works principally in the recording studio. Recordings by the
orchestra on the Naxos label include The Best of Baroque Music, Bach's
Brandenburg Concertos, fifteen each of Mozart's and Haydn's symphonies as well
as works by Handel, Vivaldi and Telemann.
Barry Wordsworth
Barry Wordsworth's career has been
dominated by his work for the Royal Ballet which started when he played the
solo part in Frank Martin's Harpsichord Concerto, a score used by Sir Kenneth
MacMillan for his ballet, Las Hermanas. In 1973 he became Assistant Conductor
of the Royal Ballet's Touring Orchestra and in 1974 Principal Conductor of
Sadlers Wells Royal Ballet. He made his debut at Covent Garden conducting
MacMillan's Manon in 1975 and since then has conducted there frequently. He has
toured extensively with the Royal Ballet. conducting orchestras in New Zealand.
Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea. Canada and Australia, where he has been guest
conductor for Australian Ballet.
In 1987 while retaining his connection
with both Royal Ballet companies as guest conductor, Barry Wordsworth also
worked with the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra. the Royal Philharmonic,
the Philharmonia, the Ulster Orchestra. the BBC Concert and the London
Philharmonic Orchestras. He has also continued to work with New Sadlers Wells
Opera, with whom he has recorded excerpts from Kalman's Countess Maritza and
Lehar's The Count of Luxembourg and The Merry Widow. For the Naxos label
Wordsworth recorded a number of Mozart and Haydn symphonies, works by Smetana
and Dvorak and for the Marco Polo label works by Bax.